sat to lsat conversion. The first digital SAT exam date for US students. sat to lsat conversion

 
 The first digital SAT exam date for US studentssat to lsat conversion  McElroy has provided full-time professional private tutoring, test-prep coaching, & group courses since 2002, for students of all ages: SAT, ACT, GMAT, LSAT, GRE, ISEE, college consulting, & essay editing

(See pages 7 and 15 in the SAT concordance Tables for Higher Education ). The following estimator supposedly stems from regressions done on actual test scores obtained by individuals who took both exams. A "good" LSAT score depends on the law schools you are considering. The tool calculates a predicted LSAT score based on an applicant's GRE Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning scores. This is the score you receive in your score. Each LSAT test will have its own raw score-to-scale conversion table. One potential red flag is the IQ predicted for the average LSAT taker is 107. Similar to changing a numerical grade into a letter grade, but with a different number that has greater meaning. No one is great at wrestling when they start out, even if they are super athletic. While the registration for the LSAT—India 2024 May session will close on May 7, 2024. This way of estimating was based simply on an interpolation between two points: 1) the theoretical average IQ of GRE takers= 115* with the average GRE V+Q score being 1035 in 1999-2000, and 2) the minimum IQ level of the Ultranet society= 164 with the accepted (old) GRE score being 1610. 2400. 3. Of course my final LSAT score will be different because of studying, but I could definitely see peoples' diagnostic scores correlating. The SAT numbers used as input are those from the post-1995 recentering, so anyone who took the exam before then will have to add ~70 to the verbal score and ~20. The Practice SAT, or *PSAT* -- also known as the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test, or NMSQT -- is a standardized test taken by students in 11th grade and below. A 50th percentile score approximates 500. o. Since the number of questions on your test doesn’t translate evenly into those 61 possible scores, the test makers use what’s called a Conversion Chart. Despite the differing contents and structures of these two tests, this conversion provides a mechanism for educational institutions and students to interpret GRE scores in terms of equivalent LSAT scores and vice versa. Again, note that the percentile ranks change dramatically toward the middle scores: 500 in ERW is only 43%, but 600 is 73%. New MCAT Scoring System: Range between 472-528. If you’re unsure about your career path, the GRE opens more options than the LSAT, which only applies to law programs. 02). The GMAT is similar to the SAT in that it tests elementary math concepts (arith, geo, algebra, limited stats and combi/perms), reading comp, critical thinking and sentence correction. 835 + 0. R^2 of roughly 0. Please be prepared to provide LSAC with proof of purchase of the preparation book from your bookseller (e. But the 167 point onwards is still accurate. This is different than the GRE, which has separate scores between 130 and 170 for the verbal and quantitative sections. If you received a total of 1130 on the SAT and a 27 on the ACT, the ACT to SAT conversion 2020 chart indicates that your child’s ACT. The LSAT is the most trusted test in law school admissions and the only test accepted by all ABA-accredited law schools. Locate your score on the chart, under the "Old Score" column. 2253. The following estimator supposedly stems from regressions done on actual test scores obtained by individuals who took both exams. well, difficult. These tables often consider percentile ranks rather than raw scores. GMAT is adaptive but the LSAT is not. A scaled LSAT score of. This makes sense since millions take the SAT and a 1600 is 99percentile, wheras 100-130k people take the LSAT and a 172 is around the top 99 percentile. Use the PSAT conversion to SAT score using PSAT to SAT converter or the Conversion Chart to determine your SAT scores after taking the PSAT. SAT Scoring Factors. PE. Forum for Law School Students; Ask a Law Student; Non-US Law Schools Forum;No simple conversion. The SAT numbers used as input are those from the post-1995 recentering, so anyone who took the exam before then will have to add ~70 to the verbal score and ~20. 560-610. While a 160 LSAT may get you into some of the top 50 law. e. 0. So if you scored 0 on the Raw LSAT Score (0 questions right) you would likely have an LSAT Scaled Score of 120 and if your Raw LSAT Score was 101 you would likely have an LSAT Scaled Score of 180. Note: This table assumes a 75- or 76-question remote LSAT (and technically, the actual range could be 73-78 questions). Individuals who require accessible electronic preparation materials. I encourage you to pay attention to how much the scale varies across the ‘hep’ section scales. What the SAT charts above show us is that the scores vary greatly depending on how the College Board structures. This conversion process, often referred to as the LSAT curve, is designed to normalize. LSAT Demon is the best hands down. The LSAT is scored from a 120 (lowest) to a 180 (highest). TBH, I think the LSAT score is positively correlated with IQ. Pros: Extremely detailed videos of working through every LSAT question. The LSAT is composed of five 35-minute multiple choice sections: analytical reasoning (logic games), reading comprehension, two sections of logical reasoning, and one random experimental section. r=0 means no correlations, and r=1 means perfect correlations. com, and AccountingToday. These patterns are then used to create a conversion table that maps GRE scores to LSAT scores. 0. When I was in high school, there was a kid who went out for wrestling who was all state in shot put, the 100m sprint, and would go on to play in the NFL. 84. ScaleScore. Be sure to take this free Sample Test as a diagnostic prior to beginning tutoring to allow you and your tutor to hit the ground running during your very first session! Studying For the MCAT Is Hard!The SAT Suite of Assessments The SAT® Suite of Assessments is an integrated system of tests that includes the SAT (for students in grades 11 and 12), the PSAT/NMSQT® and the PSAT™ 10 (for grades 10 and 11), and the PSAT™ 8/9 (for grades 8 and 9). No one outside of LSAC knows how the scoring will actually be done, so is just for illustrative purposes. Since the PSAT is often taken to practice for the SAT, it's useful to know how your PSAT score compares to an equivalent score on the SAT. 3982. When I was in high school, there was a kid who went out for wrestling who was all state in shot put, the 100m sprint, and would go on to play in the NFL. This easy-to-use tool was designed to help newer GRE score users understand and appropriately interpret GRE scores in the context of LSAT ® scores. The following estimator supposedly stems from regressions done on actual test scores obtained by individuals who took both exams. Nonetheless, with proper preparation and a calm and friendly approach, you can tackle the difficulty of either exam. Law school reports (sent to the schools to which you’re applying): $45. Super new to LSAT prep. LSAC does not report raw scores or percent correct scores because they can be misinterpreted and misleading, but also in order to protect the security of test forms. Go to LSAT Prep. The score audit process can take several weeks, and during. Each LSAT typically contains 100 or 101 questions. The SAT numbers used as input are those from the post-1995 recentering, so anyone who. Over the years, we’ve worked with many students who have scored significantly better on one test or the other. Take a look at how all ACT scores stack up to SAT scores with this ACT/SAT conversion chart! Hint: You can also type in your score into the search box to pull up the relevant line of converted ACT or SAT. Works with any Official LSAT Content Licensees. LSAT Prep and Discussion Forum; Law School Acceptances, Denials, and Waitlists; Law School Visits; Choosing a Law School; What are my chances? Financial Aid; Ask a Law Student / Graduate; Transfers; Law School Student Forums. This section demystifies the process of converting SAT scores to LSAT equivalents. To equate GRE scores to LSAT scores, the ETS takes a sample of test-takers who took both exams and uses statistical methods to analyze their performance and identify patterns in their scores. It is one of the best ways to get ready for the SAT. By converting these ACT scores into SAT scores using Table 1, we get an SAT score range of 1360-1520. Subject Matter. Nonetheless, a simple equation for converting LSAT to IQ is: IQ = 1. The LSAT assesses your critical thinking and reasoning skills, while the MCAT delves into your science knowledge and understanding. Upperclassman at Georgia State. Perhaps on a prior LSAT, 55 questions would have been the average. FAMU SAT Score Analysis (New 1600 SAT) The 25th percentile SAT score is 1040, and the 75th percentile SAT score is 1170. GMAT percentile scores are rounded to the nearest digit maxing out at the 99th percentile. Looking at LSAT percentile scores gives you a good way to understand why high scorers are in demand at law schools. Taking those into account, here’s the best comparison: GMAT: 27% get a “good” score of over 650 and 12% get over 700. . SAT to LSAT conversion has become a hot topic. LSAT Prep and Discussion Forum; Law School Acceptances, Denials, and Waitlists; Law School Visits; Choosing a Law School; What are my chances? Financial Aid; Ask a Law Student / Graduate; Transfers; Law School Student Forums. The LSAT has an overall score range of 120 to 180 points. President George W. For example, an acceptable LSAT score for Yale or Harvard is 170-175. For example, on the June 2007 LSAT, the conversion chart is on page 38. The LSAT is designed to get a picture of your intellectual potential to succeed in law school while the bar wants to make sure you have learned the actual state laws of the state you want to practice in. Students who take either test can use it as a guide when applying to law school. PrepTest: LR Incorrect: Two LR sections LG Incorrect:. Conversion Chart. PT 88: raw score 65. 65. Read on if you’d like to gain a better understanding of the PSAT. Despite the differing contents and structures of these two tests, this conversion provides a mechanism for educational institutions and students to interpret GRE scores in terms of equivalent LSAT scores and vice versa. Dear, Firstly understand the difference between SAT and IELTS. In other words, a 1040 on the SAT places you below average, while a 1170 will move you up to. Personalized for you We'll create a tailored practice plan for you based on a diagnostic or your SAT or PSAT/NMSQT® scores. 7. These tables. org or 1. I try to do each LSAT section in 50min with no more than 8 wrong as a goal. GRE scores to LSAT score conversion table. 2. Whoops, I meant the correlation to the formula given which gives the expected value for LSAT scores, which give about the same results per section. $5,900. but given the widely-accepted fact that the GRE is an easier test than the LSAT that's some really questionable math. 2018 ACT/SAT CONCORDANCE TABLES. O. To do that, the test makers determine where to draw the midpoint line based on overall raw scores. 5 on the GRE and 180 on LSAT. , a scanned copy of your receipt). The LSAT is scored on a 120-180 scale. 69. It also means that small improvements in your score can make a big difference in your percentile ranking (sometimes, a one point increase in your. T. SAT Score Trends: Discussing the Numbers. 108. IELTS scores are used as a benchmark for employment. If your scores are in that range, then whichever test gets you. While the SAT assesses…SAT to LSAT conversion has become a hot topic. The conversion matrix assigns equivalent scores for both exams, allowing admissions committees to evaluate students on a level playing field. 13y. mei. First steps. However, questions remain about whether this tool is accurate and valuable. c The percent increase in correlation with the addition of test scores is calculated by dividing the correlation of grades (. . According to the SAT to ACT conversion 2020 table, 1260 on the SAT and 26 on the ACT are equivalent scores. In other words, a 100-point improvement—which is very manageable with some smart studying —could transform your score from poor to good. The official new SAT to old SAT conversion charts below offer the most accurate score conversions from one SAT to the other. Old SAT Total Score (600-2400) ACT Total Score. " I did these calculations using a method similar to that for my GRE to IQ Estimator. It's true that scoring well on the MCAT requires much more knowledge (and academic prep) than the GRE, GMAT, and LSAT. From LSAT prep to getting ready for the first day of law school, LawHub’s courses, tools, podcasts, and events will guide you along the path to a legal career. First and foremost, we need to go over how the GRE score converts to the LSAT score. This means that the chances are even that the true S. the connection of vitruvian man in fibonacci sequence. If you’re using official LSAT tests in your prep that were released. 1600. <p>I've just come across a formula that purports to predict LSAT scores from one's high-school SAT scores. When comparing the GRE vs LSAT in a practical manner, one primary difference is scheduling. However, if they converted their 1200 to an ACT score of 25, they would no longer be in range. Practice with the authentic test interface in self-paced or simulated exam modes. March 2023 and beyond. I noticed however that June SAT uses 18 different test forms and one is administered and all that stuff, but basically it is out of those 18. The Scores that Pack a Punch. I took the Official LSAT PrepTest 90+ on LawHub. Law School. Stay on track with study plans, learn from our expert attorneys. Please help. <p>I've just come across a formula that purports to predict LSAT scores from one's high-school SAT scores. There were 4693 students in the 1L class of all the T14 schools combined in 2022. In just a few minutes, you can gauge where you stand and where you need to go between now and test day. 0 at UChicago) and, separately, JDs this cycle (have worked in a lot of paralegal and legal research jobs); but I made veeery slow to no progress on the LSAT, and it became clear to me by November, when I needed to focus on getting the PhD applications out the door,. 160 score: A score of 160 or above is typically considered a good. The SAT numbers used as input are those from the post-1995 recentering, so anyone who. Lsat flex raw score conversionLsat flex lsac announces Lsat gmat correction 5th booklet convert recall. Lsat flex raw score conversionLsat scoring conversion table score magoosh intro pacing prep average estimate Lsat flex predicts psatLsat gmat correction 5th booklet convert recall ssat. Source: SAT Understanding Scores 2023. If you want to score your LSAT practice test as a remote LSAT, check out Magoosh’s LSAT Flex Score conversion table for info on how to do this! Then, find out how your score stacks up by reviewing how the LSAT scoring scale works (the remote LSAT scores will count incorrect answers similarly—see the starred point above) and checking. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. <p>I've just come across a formula that purports to predict LSAT scores from one's high-school SAT scores. If you’re wondering how your score stacks up to the old test, or how your old score converts to the new test, check out the chart below for a comparison of scoring scale. Indeed, there was a correlation, a strong one (r=0. Los estudiantes que presenten el SAT en el otoño de 2023 en EE. March 9, 2024. UGAdawg87 May 15, 2009, 4:48pm 1 <p>I've just come across a formula that purports to predict LSAT scores from one's high-school SAT scores. Using equipercentile equating, we can infer from the above distributions that the average LSAT taker (LSAT = 150) is a equivalent to a post-April 1995 to pre-March 2016 SAT score (V + M) of 1030 which is equivalent to an IQ of 107. Since the number of questions on your test doesn’t translate evenly into those 61. Test dates: September, October, April. 00 94 96 & 1440 39 AUD $15,000 per year Up to AUD$45,000 total value ATAR 95. In 2023, the Gre to Lsat Conversion Matrix will continue to be an essential part of the law school admissions process. 7 + 100. Cost: $150. 6 - 0. I know there's varying opinions on the correlation between SAT and LSAT scores, I've seen at least 5 different equations that claim to predict LSAT score based on your SAT (+/- 3-5 points), and people claim for the most part that they seem to work. The test is an integral part of the law school admission process in the. BAMF0811 • 2 yr. The Process of SAT to LSAT Conversion. So here’s the good news – I. The LSAT scale ranges from 120 to 180, with 120 being the lowest possible score and 180 being the highest possible. Lsat calculate gpa lsac calculatesGre lsat conversion percentile verbal administered preptest indicated predict 1 12 scale conversion chartLsat flex predicts psat. Four sections are comparable to both the SAT and ACT that cover language and math skills and one section is comparable to the ACT that covers science. 5-9. I got a 740 on each SAT subtest, which suggests a 1600-point score of 1480. Select options. Graduate Test Tutoring – 10 Hours. 780. To make it easier to compare scores earned across different LSAT administrations, your “raw score” is converted to an LSAT scale. The following estimator supposedly stems from regressions done on actual test scores obtained by individuals who took both exams. The SAT numbers used as input are those from the post-1995 recentering, so anyone who took the exam. Finally, Kaplan’s Bootcamp course offers 4 weeks of intense daily studying. If a school’s lowest accepted score is a 34 on the ACT or a 1490 on. For instance, a GRE-Q of 138 and GRE-V of 154 correspond to a 150 on the LSAT, and a GRE-Q of 165 and GRE-V of 136 also correspond to a 150 LSAT score. The LSAT is the test that you take in order to be considered for admission to American Law Schools. ACT: 27-32. White: A 1370 is 258 points (23%) higher than the average white SAT score of 1112; Black: A 1370 is 436 points (47%) higher than the average black SAT score of 934The Reddit LSAT Forum. 855. Looking at the new SAT conversion table above, we can see that an SAT score range of 1200-1460 correlates to an ACT range of 25-33, meaning that if a student scored 1200 on the SAT, they would be within range. 1510. The basic fees involved with the LSAT are as follows: Full LSAT exam (multiple-choice and writing): $215. Took me from a 147 Diagnostic to a 169 official score as Basic Level subscriber for most of my time. June 5, 2023 at 2:07 pm. Time-Consuming: The depth of information in the books can be overwhelming and time-consuming for some students. We’ll show you the best attempt we saw to convert LSAT to IQ and do a little lay analysis. Date of experience: August 11, 2023. 100% free. Many high IQ societies accept specific scores from the pre-1995 SAT for admission, as if all SATs taken before the infamous recentering in April 1995 had the same meaning. This seems to be right on the mark, however I haven't taken the actual LSAT test so my score could be different. SAT: 1350-1530. The PSAT covers content including reading, writing, and math principles, albeit a little less complex than the SAT. There are a number of different fees you might encounter that factor into the overall LSAT price. 61 (LSAT) – 134. The Princeton Review reports that the median LSAT score is 152: if you score 150, you will be in approximately the 46th percentile, but if you score 160, you will be in the 82nd! Hi guys. 0. Harvard grad, SAT/ACT/GRE perfect scorer, and test-prep expert Brian R. Scores lsat scored prepscholar. Fall 2023. <p>Well Im going to go with Hanna on this one and compare it with percentile scores. 0. I got a 1340 on the SAT, and I got a 165 on the LSAT this thing said 164. 95 80 80 & 1270 31 AUD $8,000 per year Up to AUD$24,000 total valueSAT-to-LSAT Conversion. Candidates have to pay a registration fee of Rs. 600. A correlation alone does not prove a causal relationship, but it can suggest that a causal relationship does, in fact, exist. These conversion tables should give you a fair bit of understanding of the exam scores relative to each other. Since its debut in 1926, its name and scoring have changed several times. Old SAT (Critical Reading + Writing) to New SAT (EBRW) Score. There are also 5 answer choices instead of 4 for each question. 0. I did these calculations using a method similar to that for my GRE to IQ Estimator. Otis Raw Score. 121. S. 12. While the SAT assesses high school students’ readiness for college, with sections on reading, writing, and mathematics. However, we can compare the percentage of students who get average scores. Even if you score 170 on each verbal and quantitative sections of the GRE, the GRE to LSAT conversion tool predicts a 178-180 range on the LSAT. I studied LSAT for more than two years (more than. May 2023 sat score calculator. These tests differ in the number of sections, the types of sections and their uses. The PSAT conversion to SAT is a fantastic way to prepare for the SAT. LSAT = (SAT Math + SAT Verbal)/20. The only prep I did for the SAT were my (not honors/AP) high school classes. Evidence-Based Reading and Writing (ERW) has a maximum score of 800. The LSAT score range is 120 to 180. Our LSAT test prep is designed to help you think like an LSAT expert. Make time to take the practice test. For example, if your child scored a total of 1250 on the SAT and a 26 on the ACT, according to the chart, these are comparable scores. I scored a 1200 on the SAT with a little practice and scored a 157 on practice LSAT test with no practice. Old SAT Math Section (200-800) New SAT Math Section (200-800) New SAT Math Test (10-40) 200. For instance: A GRE-V of 160 and GRE-Q of 140 correlate with a 155 on the LSAT, whereas a GRE-V of 140 and GRE-Q of 160 correlate with a 150 on the LSAT, a 20 point percentile difference in LSAT scores. On the published score conversion chart on PT 88. This section demystifies the process of converting SAT scores to LSAT equivalents. In the table above, 57 correct splits test-takers into even halves. Check out the sidebar for intro guides. The 3 big scores you should look at: Total Score. Using a protected internet solution, you may Functionality faster than ever. Otherwise, I'd consider this table valid for scores before 1974 and after (until the re-centering of 1995). Reasons to Take the GRE. ELTS tests the proficiency in the English language of a candidate. 0. Prep Test 90+ Conversion Chart. Forum for Law School Students; Ask a Law Student; Non-US Law Schools Forum;The LSAT Reading Comprehension section contains four sets of reading questions, each set consisting of a selection of reading material (which we’ll often refer to as the “passage”) followed by five to eight questions. 9 percentile = 1600 SAT</p> <p>But the main thing to remember is that the formula is not absolute; Im sure for example, people who have gotten similar scores to the one predicted by the formula put in the same or as much work for the LSAT as. aronkibly said:In logic and computer science, the Boolean satisfiability problem (sometimes called propositional satisfiability problem and abbreviated SATISFIABILITY, SAT or B-SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. While the registration for the LSAT—India 2024 May session will close on May 7, 2024. The LSAT registration fee, as of 2023, is $200. LSAT is a registered trademark of the Law School Admission Council, which does not endorse or. The MCAT and LSAT have contrasting scoring systems used. This package costs right around $1,500. Luckily, SAT to ACT conversion (and ACT to SAT conversion) is possible! In this post, we provide conversion charts from the test makers themselves to help you with score. That score. That’s a 200-point difference! This student scored above average on the SAT but very highly on the ACT. Yeah I found these conversions to be GRE-friendly, too. scaled 157. (I'm a college sophomore at UW-Madison) I got a 29 on the ACT, with a marginal amount of studying. 4% accuracy (153) Flex: 46/76= 60. Vernon, IL 62864; collegeboard. The average LSAT score is about a 151. SAT: 1350-1530. Neither the SAT nor the ACT is harder than the other. LSAC does not report raw scores or percent correct scores because they can be misinterpreted and misleading, but also in order to protect the security of test forms. 505. . Math Score. e. However, please be aware that LSAT scores on the 200-800 scale are from pre-1982, and the test was markedly different in that era. First-year GPA in law school used in LSAT study (in preparation). SAT-to-LSAT Conversion. Tyler Hakes is the former Director of Marketing at College. But because the SAT is more challenging, a perfect score on the PSAT does not equal a perfect score on the SAT. ago. An LSAT prep company that is known for its detailed walkthrough videos for nearly all LSAT questions available. This should be good enough for you to predict your remote LSAT score from practice though! Show entries. The mean score of the GMAT is 564. For instance, a correlation between height and weight cannot be. LSAT Prep and Discussion Forum; Law School Acceptances, Denials, and Waitlists; Law School Visits; Choosing a Law School; What are my chances? Financial Aid; Ask a Law Student / Graduate; Transfers; Law School Student Forums. 29. So, a 560 would become a 156, and a 630 becomes a 163, and so on. e. All you'll need is a four section LSAT Score (PTs 1-89) and the raw scale conversion chart for that preptest. Since it is considered to be a Preliminary SAT, your score on the PSAT is meant to be a solid predictor of how well you would do on the SAT if you took it on the same day. I would appreciate your feedback! Thank you. There was less than 1 in > 1 trillion of. My diagnostic LSAT was in the 40th percentile. How GRE Sections Convert. The tests measure the same skills and knowledge in grade-appropriate ways. It’s a score from 120 (lowest) to 180 (highest) and is a conversion of your raw score. Only two earned LSAT scores above the 63rd percentile, and those each had scores in the 94-98th percentile–i. As part of a misguided attempt to evaluate whether creatine boosted IQ, I took the LSAT at home twice, a week or two apart, scoring 168 the first time and either 172 or 173 the second time. Probably. Re: GRE LSAT Conversion and Chances of T14 Admission Post by The Lsat Airbender » Sun Dec 01, 2019 1:54 am The above is correct, and I'd like to add that even if we take the calculators as gospel, 3. Lsat flex raw score conversion1 12 scale conversion chart Lsat flex arriving convertLsat calculate gpa lsac calculates. Below, you’ll find our MCAT Conversion Tool, which allows you to convert bidirectionally, both old to new MCAT, as well as new to old MCAT. 4. The 2 sections (Evidence-Based Reading and Writing and Math) will have scores provided separately. 4. Take a look at how all ACT scores stack up to SAT scores with this ACT/SAT conversion chart! Hint: You can also type in your score into the search box to pull up the relevant line of converted ACT or SAT scores. I was wondering if you could share your ACT to LSAT scores so I could get a feeling of what score I could expect to achieve. A "Predicted" S. The scale for the PSAT is 320-1520 in ten-point increments. 0. Conversion Chart For Converting Raw Score to 120-180 LSAT Scaled Score (June 2020) RawScore ScaleScore 75 180 74 180. 790. The drilling functionality is especially helpful insofar as the problems presented are designed to continue challenging you. 9/166 is on the soft side for T14 admissions, especially since you're disqualifying yourself from several T14 schools. The LSAT score range is not something you have to focus on in your. 5. 1. While the SAT assesses…As a result, the LSAT represents a significant time commitment for students. The five additional ASVAB sections cover vocational areas like electronics. 3. The LSAT is scored on a 120-180 scale. 1400 SAT = 700 GMAT). GRE to LSAT Score Conversion. This conversion process, often referred to as the LSAT curve, is designed to normalize scores across different LSAT administrations. 53 for SAT) into the correlation for grades and tests (.